Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies abound which systematically analyse the economic impact of work stoppages on the two protagonists as well as on specific industries. The results of such micro studies are a mixed bag. The findings of the first macro study, involving Canada were published in 1975. Employing input-output analysis, it measured the impact of strike losses on the Canadian economy as a whole, and found the strike impact statistically insignificant. This study is flawed on two counts: (a) it depends on an arbitrarily chosen sample, and (b) it covers a period of only one year. The current study measures the impact of strikes on the Canadian economy, which heavily depends for its growth on external trade, via their impact on its merchandise trade. Using a simultaneous approach towards export and import functions, it covers a period from 1971 to 1993. The results indicate that strikes seem to exert some impact on those categories of trade which constitute a small percentage of total Canadian external trade. Major trade sectors experience a statistically insignificant impact. Put together, therefore, there is little evidence of a negative strike impact on merchandise trade and, hence, on the national economy as a whole over a significant period of time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".