Les angles morts de la responsabilité pénale individuelle en droit international
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the prisoners' dock sit twenty-odd broken men.[…] Merely as individuals their fate is of little consequence to the world.What makes this inquest significant is that these prisoners represent sinister influences that will lurk in the world long after their bodies have returned to dust.We will show them to be living symbols of racial hatreds, of terrorism and violence, and of the arrogance and cruelty of power.They are symbols of fierce nationalisms and of militarism, of intrigue and warmaking which have embroiled Europe generation after generation, crushing its manhood, destroying its homes, and impoverishing its life.They have so identified themselves with the philosophies they conceived and with the forces they directed that any tenderness to them is a victory and an encouragement to all the evils which are attached to their names.Civilization can afford no compromise with the social forces which would gain renewed strength if we deal ambiguously or indecisively with the men in whom those forces now precariously survive.» 1 « Que vous n'auriez pas, de vous même, décidé de passer par les armes des milliers de civils et de personnes désarmés, la Chambre peut l'admettre […] Mais il n'en demeure pas moins que vous êtes coupable, Général Krstic.[…] Je considère qu'il est essentiel de faire la part de ce qui pourrait être une responsabilité collective de ce qui est une responsabilité individuelle.Le Tribunal n'est pas destiné à traiter d'une éventuelle responsabilité collective.Ce qui m'intéresse dans chacun des procès que j'ai à juger dans cette enceinte, c'est de vérifier si les éléments de preuve qui nous ont été soumis permettent de déclarer un accusé coupable.Je veux juger un accusé.Je ne juge pas un peuple.Oui, il y a eu en ex-Yougoslavie des attaques contre des populations civiles.Oui il y a eu des massacres, des persécutions.Oui certains de ces crimes ont été commis par des forces serbes.Mais, pour paraphraser les mots d'un grand humaniste, j'estime que ce serait insulter le peuple serbe et trahir la notion de société civile que d'assimiler ce mal à l'identité serbe.Il serait cependant tout aussi monstrueux de ne donner aucun nom à ce mal, car cela pourrait être 1 Justice Jackson, Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945 -1 October 1946 (The Blue Set), Nuremberg, Allemagne, 1947, vol.2, 21 novembre 1945, p. 98. Presses de l'Université Saint-Louis | Téléchargé le 20/09/2026 sur https://shs.cairn.info(IP: 154.6.220.50)positivisme réducteurs (et même suspects) s'agissant d'un phénomène aussi complexe.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".