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Record W203034325

GIS in Banking: Evaluation of Canadian Bank Mergers

2001· article· en· W203034325 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Regional Science · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGeographic Information Systems Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)Competition (biology)Government (linguistics)BusinessMergers and acquisitionsAccountingFinanceGeography
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

E.H. MACDONALD: in Banking: Evaluation of Canadian Bank .Recent merger proposals among major Canadian banks have required that the government, for the first time, review mergers of such size, complexity, uniqueness, and impact on society. The Canadian government's Competition Bureau has recently developed a standard process for reviewing bank mergers to help ensure that healthy competition is maintained across all markets, the results of which have a major impact on the success of the mergers. Defining geographic markets and calculating market share represent important components of this process, bringing to the forefront an application for geographic information systems (GIS) which is not widely recognized. Today, banks use GIS for many applications, such as site selection, evaluation of closures, targeted marketing campaigns, performance measurement, market research, navigating customers to their branch locations, and enhanced reporting. But the issue of merger evaluation is one less frequently documented in a GIS context. In this paper, it will demonstrated how GIS can play a key role both in helping government establish such a process for reviewing mergers, and in helping merger candidates such as banks wishing to prepare for such a review. Methods for generating geographic boundaries, and spatial interaction models used for estimating market share, represent the key areas of focus. E.H. MACDONALD: [much less than] GIS in Banking: Evaluation of Canadian Bank Mergers [much greater than] [Les SIG clans le secteur bancaire: L'evaluation des fusions de banques canadiennes]. Les projets recents de fusions touchant des banques canadiennes ont necessite que le gouvernement, pour la premiere fois, passe en revue ces fusions qui ont une envergure, une complexite, une specificite et des impacts sur la societe pas connus clans le passe. Le Bureau de competition du gouvernement du Canada a recemment elabore un processus standard pour examiner les fusions de banques afin d'assurer qu'un niveau de concurrence sain est maintenu a travers tous les marches et dont les resultats auront un impact majeur sur la reussite des fusions. La definition des marches geographiques et le calcul de la part du marche representent des composantes importantes de ce processus, et qui mettent l'accent sur une application pour les Systemes geographiques d'information (SIG) qui n'est pas tres bien reconnu. Aujourd'hui, les b anques utilisent les SIG dans de nombreuses applications, telles que le choix des sites, l'evaluation des fermetures, l'elaboration de campagnes de marketing ciblees, la mesure de la performance, la recherche en marketing, le dispatching des clients vers leurs succursales, et pour presenter des comptes-rendu ameliores. Mais la question de l'evaluation des fusions en utilisant les outils SIG en est une qui est beaucoup moms bien documentee. Dans cet article, l'on demontrera comment les SIG peuvent jouer tin role cle aussi bien pour aider le gouvernement etablir un tel processus pour examiner les projets de fusions que pour aider les candidats pour de telles fusions tels les banques qui veulent se preparer pour tin tel examen. Les methodes pour creer des limites geographiques, et les modeles d'interaction spatiale utilises pour evaluer les parts de marche, representent les principaux domaines d'interet de la discussion. Introduction Banks in Canada use geographic information systems (GIS) technology for a wide range of applications. These include, but are not limited to, selecting new branch sites, identifying risks associated with closing a branch, executing targeted marketing campaigns, navigating customers toward their locations, gaining better insights into markets served and expected financial performance given those markets, and adding clarity and impact to reporting through maps. But one such area in which GIS is applied, namely the evaluation of bank mergers, is of particular interest not only to regional scientists but the public in general. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.009
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.306
Threshold uncertainty score0.987

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0090.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0040.005
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.096
GPT teacher head0.324
Teacher spread0.229 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it