Le droit international et la réglementation des agences de notation de crédit : vers une réglementation universelle ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
À la suite de l’effondrement du système financier international en 2008, la communauté internationale a accusé les agences de notation de crédit d’avoir été la pierre angulaire du gouffre financier, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la dérive des produits adossés à des actifs. L’article qui suit offre une mise en perspective de la structure réglementaire internationale en place avant et après les évènements financiers. L’auteure fera ressortir le manque flagrant d’encadrement des agences de notation de crédit avant 2008 et les difficultés à réaliser pour l’avenir un cadre réglementaire international qui soit efficient et harmonisé.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".