Measurement of unsaturated soil – geomembrane interface shear-strength parameters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory tests of soil–geomembrane interface shear strength are typically carried out with no provision for the measurement of pore pressures at the soil–geomembrane interface. This paper describes a series of soil–geomembrane interface shear tests carried out with continuous measurement of suction close to the interface during the shearing process. The tests were conducted using a modified direct shear box with a miniature pore-pressure transducer installed adjacent to the surface of the geomembrane. Results of the interface shear tests conducted using this method show that it is quite effective in evaluating shear behaviour at the interface between a geomembrane and an unsaturated soil at low matric suction values. The results suggest that soil suction contributes to shearing resistance at low normal stress values. At higher normal stress values, the interface shear behaviour appears to be governed only by the magnitude of total normal stress.Key words: geomembrane, interface shear strength, suction, direct shear test, pore-pressure transducer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".