Relative sensitivity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increases in high‐latitude river discharge over the 20th century and projected continued increases during the 21st century may have an impact on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which could feed back to regional and global climate. Although the general trend in high‐latitude river discharge is positive, there is important geographical spread in the trends. While Eurasian rivers draining into the Arctic Ocean show positive trends over the 20th century, rivers draining into Hudson Bay show negative trends since 1964. Here the sensitivity of AMOC to changes in river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean is studied with an intermediate‐complexity Earth system model. It is found that ocean freshening originating from Arctic rivers is more effective in slowing down the AMOC than freshening originating from Hudson Bay rivers, given the same magnitude of freshening in both regions. The lesser impact of Hudson Bay river discharge on AMOC is the result of a buildup of freshwater anomalies in the Labrador Sea affecting the northward flow of the Gulf Stream. This work highlights that not only the freshening magnitude but the region where this freshening takes place is crucial for the AMOC response to altered river discharge climatology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".