Innovative Concept to Reduce the Total Cost of Scale Management through the Capture and Re-Use of Chemical Inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Conventional scale inhibitor squeezes are widely used to prevent or delay scale formation. Although long established the process can be wasteful of chemical used. In common with the use of most production chemicals such treatments are ‘once through’ and non-recoverable with high operating costs. In addition in offshore operations such production chemicals are discharged into the sea. Such discharges are also subject to environmental legislation with associated costs. Increasingly there is a need to avoid such discharges. Modifications of the squeeze procedure have been introduced to extend squeeze lifetime but further improvements are still sought. This paper describes the results of a study to investigate the potential for membrane separation to capture a representative scale inhibitor from brine. Over a range of temperatures, scale inhibitor concentrations and brine chemistries more than 96% of the scale inhibitor was captured. This was obtained without any attempt to optimise operating conditions. The resulting captured material was compared to the original product using dynamic tube blocking tests and static barium sulphate tests. The static tests showed similar performance for recovered and initial material, while the dynamic tests showed a marginal increase in performance for the recovered material in some cases. This increase in performance correlates with the retention factor for each given test run. It is believed that this is due to a slight purification of the inhibitor during the separation process, as shown by Dionex Ion Chromatography. The effective performance of the recovered inhibitor suggests that it could be re-used in a similar manner to the original product.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".