Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Taylor-Couette flow with finite-amplitude modulated cylinders is examined in this study. A spectral/finite-difference approach is used based on domain transformation. The governing equations are mapped over the rectangular domain, and the flow field is represented spectrally in the axial direction, which, together with the Galerkin projection, led to a system of equations that are solved using a variable step finite-difference discretization. The vortex formation and pattern selection are examined after the validity of the method is established. The inner and outer cylinders are modulated in phase, and are free to co- or counter-rotate at different speed. It is found that the presence of modulation leads to the emergence of steady vortex flow even at vanishingly small Taylor number. The vortex structure is found to have the same periodicity as the forcing, even after the critical Taylor number corresponding to the onset of vortex flow straight cylinders is exceeded. The outer to inner cylinder velocity ratio controls not only the vortex strength and the nonlinearity but also the size, location, and breakup of the vortices. It is also found that the forcing wave number that generates the most intense vortex flow varies slightly with Ta and is different from the critical wave number predicted by linear stability analysis for straight cylinders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".