Monodisperse, Micron-Sized Reactive Low Molar Mass Polymer Microspheres by Two-Stage Living Radical Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Living/controlled radical dispersion polymerization of styrene was carried out in ethanol and in ethanol−water mixtures in the presence of perfluorohexyl iodide (C 6 F 13 I, 2−5 wt % based on styrene) as a degenerative chain transfer (DCT) agent or 1-cyano-1-methylpropyl dithiobenzoate (CMPDB, 0.5 and 1.0 mol % based on styrene) as a reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent. These reagents disrupt the nucleation stage of particle formation when present at the start of the reaction. If their addition is delayed until the nucleation stage is complete, the reaction acquires the characteristics of a living/controlled radical polymerization: M n increases linearly with the monomer conversion, and the molar mass distribution is much narrower (minimal M w / M n: 1.2) than polystyrene prepared without C 6 F 13 I or CMPDB. For reactions in ethanol, at low molar mass, the particles formed have a broad size distribution as a consequence of the solubility of the polymer at the reaction temperature, followed by precipitation upon cooling. When the reactions were run in a more polar medium (95 wt % aqueous ethanol), the polymer molecules precipitated as they were formed and were absorbed by the existing particles in the solution. The particles formed had an average diameter in the range 1−3 μm with a very narrow size distribution (CV < 1%). The polymer chains in these particles are reactive and chain-extendible.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it