Experimental investigation of the uplift behaviour of circular plate anchors embedded in sand
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation of the uplift behaviour of relatively large scale model circular plate anchors up to 400 mm in diameter embedded in loose, medium-dense, and dense dry sand is described. Uplift capacity is strongly influenced by anchor diameter, embedment ratio, and sand density. In tests on shallow half-cut models, a gently curved rupture surface emerged from the top edge of the anchor to the sand surface at approximately ϕ/2 to the vertical, where ϕ is the angle of shearing resistance. For a deep anchor, a balloon-shaped rupture surface emerged at 0.8ϕ to the vertical immediately above the anchor and was confined within the sand bed. The load-displacement behaviour of full-shaped models was three-phase and two-phase for shallow and deep anchors, respectively. Alternative methods of determining the critical embedment ratio are considered, and values of 4.8, 5.9, and 6.8 are proposed for loose, medium-dense, and dense sand, respectively. Empirical equations are presented which yield breakout factors similar to those from many published laboratory and field studies.Key words: circular anchor, uplift capacity, sand, critical embedment ratio, failure mechanism.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it