The involvement of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit, in<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>acid tolerance
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, an etiological agent of dental caries, is a normal inhabitant of dental plaque. Two main virulence factors of S. mutans are acidogenicity and aciduricity - the ability to produce acid and survive at low pH, respectively. Metabolic processes, including the catabolism of pyruvate, are finely regulated following acid exposure in S. mutans. Proteome analysis of the S. mutans acid response has shown pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PdhA) is upregulated. PdhA is the E1alphasubunit of the four-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, responsible for the heterofermentative catalysis of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is subsequently catalyzed into ethanol and acetate yielding additional ATP. This investigation examined the relationships between PdhA, aciduricity, and metabolism in S. mutans. An S. mutans pdhA knockout (PDHAKO) revealed an acid sensitive phenotype, displayed by increased doubling times, and decreased competitiveness in a biofermentor. Quantitative real-time PCR showed pdhA expression increased dramatically during acidic growth and under acid adaptation. Additionally, pdhA expression responded to conditions favoring heterofermentative growth; decreased in the presence of excess glucose, and increased during stationary phase compared with mid-log phase growth. This study demonstrated that in S. mutans, pdhA expression responds to conditions conducive to heterofermentation and deletion of pdhA resulted in decreased aciduricity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it