DSB-SC modulation scheme for remotely controlled true time delay beamforming system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radio signal transmission over optical fiber is considered a promising technology for future wireless communication applications, thanks to the advantages such as broad bandwidth, low loss, and the immunity to the electromagnetic interference. There are two schemes that are employed to transmit radio signals over optical fiber, the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) and remote heterodyne detection (RHD). For IM/DD scheme, the RF signal is intensity modulated onto the optical carrier at the transmitter and recovered by a photodiode at the remote end. The problem related to IM/DD scheme is that the chromatic dispersion caused by optical fiber leads to significant power penalty. To avoid chromatic dispersion-induced power penalty, RHD scheme is usually used. For RHD scheme, the RF signal is carried by two phase-locked optical carriers and is recovered at the remote end by a photodetector. On the other hand, there have been great interests in the development of true time delay (TTD) beamforming techniques for phased array antennas. Phased array antennas using TTD techniques can provide wide instantaneous bandwidth without beam squint problem, which ensures an accurate delivery of radio signals. Different TTD beamforming techniques have been proposed, but all of them are based on IM/DD scheme, which has the problem of power penalty. In this paper, we propose to use RHD scheme for TTD beamforming, to avoid dispersion-induced power penalty. A fiber Bragg grating prism for broadband beamforming using discrete fiber Bragg gratings will be designed and implemented. Theoretical and experimental results will be reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".