Edaphic Soil Levels of Mineral Nutrients, pH, Organic Matter, and Cationic Exchange Capacity in the Geocaulosphere Associated with Potato Common Scab
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In order to determine possible relationships between geocaulosphere soil properties and severity of common scab of potato caused by Streptomyces scabies, soils were collected from representative commercial potato fields in Canada: in Simcoe and Dufferin Counties, Ontario and across Prince Edward Island (PEI) in August 2004. Soils immediately adjacent to tubers were sampled and analyzed for select edaphic factors and for pathogen presence using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests with primers that amplify a region of the TxtA gene involved in regulating the biosynthesis of the thaxtomin toxin family. Individual tubers were assessed visually for scab severity. The relationships between soil chemical factors and disease severity were investigated for each region to detect the strongest relationships. Principal component analysis revealed a distinctive clustering of samples with respect to disease severity in PEI but not in Ontario soils. Total and percent saturation of K (%K) were the only factors found associated with high disease severity in soils from both provinces. In PEI soils, pH, Mg, Ca, Cu, and %K, %Mg, %Ca, and %Na were associated with high disease severity, whereas cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Al were correlated with low disease severity soils. In Ontario, high Mn content was strongly correlated with low disease severity soils, whereas %K and organic matter content were correlated with disease severity. Partitioning samples into presence or absence of the TxtA PCR product with corresponding high or low severity showed further significant relationships in the data. There was an excellent correlation between Streptomyces spp. presence as detected by PCR and disease severity in PEI soils; however, the relationship was not as clear in Ontario soils, where many PCR-positive soils had low disease incidence. Principal component and partial least square analysis indicated that disease severity was predicted by soil factors such as organic matter, CEC, pH, Al, %Ca, %Mg, and %K for PEI but not for Ontario soils. The data reveal that the relationship between scab severity and soil chemical components is complex and potentially soil specific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".