Ébullition par Convection Forcée des Mélanges Eau-Ammoniac dans un Tube Vertical
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Une étude expérimentale est développée sur l'ébullition des mélanges eau-ammoniac dans un tube vertical lisse de diamètre interne de 6 mm. Un générateur de vapeur constitué de deux tubes coaxiaux en acier inoxydable est utilisé comme veine d'essai. Les coefficients de transfert thermique locaux sont déterminés le long du tube interne pour les gammes suivantes des variables opératoires : densité du flux thermique (29.93 − 99.79 kW/m2), densité du flux massique (35.36 − 99.04 kg/m2·s), débit massique du mélange H2O-NH3 (0.001−0.03 kg/s) et concentration massique en ammoniac (49%, 55 % et 61%). L'influence des variables opératoires sur les coefficients de transfert thermique est analysée. Trois méthodes sont utilisées pour prédire les coefficients de transfert thermique en ébullition. Les résultats obtenus confirment la validité de la corrélation de Mishra et al. (1981) et celle de Bennett et Chen (1980) corrigée, pour la prédiction du coefficient de transfert thermique en ébullition des mélanges eau-ammoniac. Ces corrélations permettent de prédire les coefficients de transfert avec une déviation moyenne de ± 20 %. An experimental study has been conducted on the forced convective boiling heat transfer of ammonia-water mixtures flowing inside a 6 mm inner diameter vertical smooth tube. Using a water-heated double pipe type generator, the local heat transfer coefficients are measured inside the inner tube for a range of heat flux density (29.93 — 99.79 kW/m2), mass flux density (35.36 — 99.04 kg/m2·s), mass flow rate (0.001 — 0.03 kg/s) and ammonia mass concentration (49%, 55% and 61%). The effect of the experimental parameters on the heat transfer coefficients is analysed. Three methods are used to predict the boiling heat transfer coefficients. Experimental data were compared with the available correlations. The obtained results confirm the good performance of the Mishra et al. (1981) and Bennett-Chen's (1980) correlations in predicting the convective boiling heat transfer coefficient of NH3-H2O mixtures. These methods are able to predict the boiling heat transfer data within an average accuracy of ± 20 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".