Pentacene:Fullerene Multilayer-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Cells Fabricated by Alternating Evaporation Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel small-molecule organic photovoltaic cell structures with pentacene and fullerene multilayers are reported. Pentacene is an attractive material for photovoltaic cells, but it tends to crystallize with molecular orientation during vacuum deposition. Therefore, thus far, it has been difficult to fabricate a bulk-heterojunction active layer with fullerenes by coevaporation, despite the demand for pentacene/fullerene bilayer heterojunction cells owing to their good photovoltaic performance. Here, instead of preparing an active layer by coevaporation, we prepare a pentacene and fullerene multilayer-heterojunction active layer by alternating evaporation. It was found that multilayer cells show superior photovoltaic performance to bilayer cells owing to the improvements in their exciton dissociation efficiency and charge carrier transport properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".