Imbibition response of green foxtail, canola, wild mustard, and wild oat seeds to different osmotic potentials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of seeds to imbibe water depends on the difference in water potentials between the seed and the surrounding medium, as well as seed diffusivity. The proportional moisture content and imbibition rate of Brassica napus L. 'Liberty' (canola), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail), Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler (wild mustard), and Avena fatua L. (wild oat) were examined over time in water and osmotic solutions of 0.5 and 1 MPa. Average imbibition rate of wild oat was significantly higher than that of all other species studied, while the average imbibition rate of green foxtail was significantly lower than that of all other species studied. Differences between imbibition rates may have been caused by differences in seed size or seed diffusivity. Wild mustard and canola had the highest proportional moisture content at 25 h and were the only two species to achieve greater than 80% germination within this time frame. Germination was reduced in osmotic solutions of 0.5 and 1 MPa compared with water for all species. Species differ in their ability to imbibe water as well as their ability to germinate at lower seed moisture contents.Key words: germination, weed, soil moisture, uptake, seed size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".