Botulinum Toxin Type A Inhibits the Growth of LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) intraprostatic injection induces an improvement of urinary symptoms related to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Infra-clinical prostate cancer (PCa) foci and pre-neoplasic lesions occur concomitantly with BPH in a significant number of patients. The objective of this study was to address whether BTA influences the growth of prostate tumors. METHODS: Proliferation of PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines exposed or not to BTA (Botox) was assessed and compared. Presence of synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2) protein, the membrane receptor of BTA, was studied in both cell lines. After nude mice bearing LNCaP xenografts received intra-tumoral BTA or saline injection, tumor volume, serum PSA, histopathology and detection of apoptosis were comparatively assessed. RESULTS: BTA significantly reduced LNCaP cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect PC-3. The SV2 receptor was present in both cell lines at a ratio of 4:1 (LNCaP/PC-3). One unit of BTA resulted in a significantly lower growth rate and slower PSA progression over 28 days compare to controls. The tumors were morphologically similar. There were significantly more apoptotic cells compared to controls. CONCLUSION: BTA inhibits the growth of LNCaP human PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that intra-prostatic BTA injections to treat BPH are unlikely to promote the growth of co-existing infra-clinical PCa foci in men. A potential inhibitory effect of BTA on the growth of human PCa should be further studied.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it