Collective Phenomena in the LiHo<sub><i>x</i></sub>Y<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>F<sub>4</sub>Quantum Ising Magnet: Recent Progress and Open Questions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In LiHo x Y 1− x F 4 , the magnetic Holmium Ho 3+ ions behave as effective Ising spins that can point parallel or antiparallel to the crystalline c-axis. The predominant inter-Ho 3+ interaction is dipolar, while the Y 3+ ions are non-magnetic. The application of a magnetic field B x transverse to the c-axis Ising direction leads to quantum spin-flip fluctuations, making this material a rare physical realization of the celebrated transverse field Ising model. The problems of classical and transverse-field-induced quantum phase transitions in LiHo x Y 1− x F 4 in the dipolar ferromagnetic ( x = 1), diluted ferromagnetic (0.25 ≲ x < 1) and highly diluted x ≲ 0.25 dipolar spin glass regimes have attracted much experimental and theoretical interest over the past twenty-five years. Two questions have received particular attention: (i) is there an antiglass (quantum disordered) phase at low Ho 3+ concentration and (ii) what is the mechanism responsible for the fast B x -induced destruction of the ferromagnetic (0.25 ≲ x < 1) and spin glass ( x ≲ 0.25) phases? This paper reviews some of the recent theoretical and experimental progress in our understanding of the collective phenomena at play in LiHo x Y 1− x F 4 , in both zero and nonzero B x .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".