On modules of integral elements over finitely generated domains
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Abstract
This paper is motivated by the results and questions of Jason P. Bell and Kevin G. Hare in 2009. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {O}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a finitely generated <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper Z"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {Z}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -algebra that is an integrally closed domain of characteristic zero. We investigate the following two problems: [(A)] Fix <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="r"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> that are integral over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {O}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and describe all pairs <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis m comma n right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper N squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(m,n)\in \mathbb {N}^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O left-bracket q Superscript m Baseline right-bracket equals script upper O left-bracket r Superscript n Baseline right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {O}[q^m]=\mathcal {O}[r^n]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . [(B)] Fix <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="r"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> that is integral over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {O}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and describe all <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper O left-bracket q right-bracket equals script upper O left-bracket r right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathcal {O}[q]=\mathcal {O}[r]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In this paper, we solve Problem (A), present a solution of Problem (B) by Evertse and Győry, and explain their relation to the paper of Bell and Hare. In the following, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="c 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it