Structural parameters of the vastus medialis muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research was designed to evaluate musculoskeletal anatomy of the quadriceps region relative to the patellofemoral joint. The hypothesis for the study was that the oblique portion (VMO) of the vastus medialis muscle (VM) is anatomically positioned to function primarily as an active medial stabilizer of the patella. Because many clinicians believe that the VMO functions independently as an active medial stabilizer of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), PFJ rehabilitation protocols commonly target the VMO in an attempt to restore normal joint mechanics. It is unclear whether this purported selective function is supported by the underlying anatomical structure. Through dissection of 32 limbs from 24 intact cadavers with normal patellar alignment, data were collected on VM fiber alignment and innervation, the presence of fascial plane, and the length of VM about the patella. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the oblique and long heads of the VM muscle had significantly different (P < 0.05) angles of fiber orientation, as expected. When measurements were taken relative to a vertical axis (standardizing limb alignment between cadavers), the difference in fiber angles between oblique and long heads of the VM was reduced significantly. Additionally, < 10% of the length of the VM muscle inserted directly on the medial aspect of the patella, and there was no anatomical evidence of a fascial plane or separate innervation for the oblique and long heads of the VM. The results of the study did not support the hypothesis that the VMO is anatomically positioned to function primarily as an active medial stabilizer of the patella.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".