Remote sensing of particle depletion by coastal suspension-feeders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine bivalves have been designated ecosystem engineers owing to their capacity to control estuarine water quality, particle dynamics, and primary production. Globally, bivalves have higher production than any other cultured animal. Large populations of natural, invasive, and cultured bivalves are suggested to cause changes in coastal ecosystem function through suspension-feeding of particles and biodeposition of waste materials. Association of bivalves with particle depletion is a trophic tenet of coastal ecosystems, but there are no previous observations of this process except at small scales. Using airborne hyperspectral remote sensing, we show direct evidence of aquaculture impacts at the ecosystem scale (kilometres), documenting significant depletion of phytoplankton through a blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm in eastern Canada, compared with dispersion in circulation model results without mussels. Understanding of factors controlling primary production and ecosystem processes in the coastal zone is critical in light of growing reliance on this region for development and resource extraction worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".