Calculation of excitation energies of open-shell molecules with spatially degenerate ground states. I. Transformed reference via an intermediate configuration Kohn-Sham density-functional theory and applications to d1 and d2 systems with octahedral and tetrahedral symmetries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method for calculating the UV-vis spectra of molecules with spatially degenerate ground states using time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is proposed. The new transformed reference via an intermediate configuration Kohn-Sham TDDFT (TRICKS-TDDFT) method avoids the difficulties caused by the multireference nature of spatially degenerate states by rather than utilizing the ground state instead taking a nondegenerate excited state with desirable properties as the reference for the TDDFT calculation. The scope and practical application of the method are discussed. Like all open-shell TDDFT calculations this method at times suffers from the inability to produce transitions to states that are eigenfunctions of the total spin operator. A technique for alleviating this difficulty to some extent is proposed. The applicability and accuracy of the TRICKS-TDDFT method is demonstrated through example calculations of several d(1) and d(2) transition metal complexes with tetrahedral and octahedral symmetries. For the most part, the results of these calculations are similar in quality to to those obtained from standard TDDFT calculations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".