The Influence of the Initial Ovality Tolerance on the Nonlinear Cycling Analysis of Piping Bends
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the nonlinear shakedown analysis using finite element method for piping bends taking into account the maximum ovality tolerance. The resulting strain state of the stabilized cycle for the pipe bend including the maximum ovality tolerance is compared with the strain state for the perfectly round pipe bend. The boundary between shakedown and ratcheting is presented through global and local criteria in terms of displacements, and the Bree diagram (1989, “Plastic Deformation of a Closed Tube Due to Interaction of Pressure Stresses and Cyclic Thermal Stress,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 31(11/12), pp. 865–892) converted into the interaction diagram is used to correlate the results of the nonlinear cyclic analyses and ASME Code limits for primary and secondary loads. This paper also discusses the choice of the global shakedown linked with the axial strain and the local through-thickness shakedown associated with the hoop strain. Furthermore, a simple fatigue calculation is conducted to illustrate the difference between pipe bends with perfectly round cross section and pipe bends with initial ovality under similar boundary conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".