Influence of Microstucture on the Charge Storage Properties of Chemically Synthesized Manganese Dioxide
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
α-MnO 2 was synthesized by a very simple coprecipitation technique and tested as active electrode material for an electrochemical supercapacitor. The powder presents a poorly crystallized cryptomelane phase with a chemical composition of K 0.05 MnO 2 H 0.10 ·0.15H 2 O. Different aqueous electrolytes were tested including 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4, 0.5 M K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 buffer solution, 0.3 M H 2 SO 4, and 1 M NaOH, but interesting pseudocapacitance behavior was only observed in the case of 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 . Further testing using this electrolyte showed that an average capacitance of 166 F/g can be reproducibly obtained within a voltage range −0.4/+0.5 V vs Hg/Hg 2 SO 4 using a sweep rate of 2 mV/s. This interesting value is mainly due to the chimisorption of Na + ions and/or protons at the surface of the α-MnO 2 electrode. Nearly all the Mn surface atoms are involved in the pseudocapacitive process. Therefore, the high specific capacitance seems to be related to the high surface area of the MnO 2 powder rather than intercalation of Na + ions and/or protons in the structure of α-MnO 2 . An optimum composition of 80% of active material in the composite electrode was determined. With such a composition, the α-MnO 2 electrode can withstand 1000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it