<scp>HCV</scp> protein‐induced cytokine predicts treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background & Aims Immune‐mediated processes are thought to influence the efficacy of treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection. This study evaluated the association of baseline immune responses with the achievement of a sustained viral response ( SVR ) upon pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment. Methods Baseline serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cytokine activity was assessed. Metabolic and liver injury parameters were evaluated as underlying factors. Results Baseline demographics and disease parameters did not differ between the SVR − ( n = 14) and SVR + ( n = 25) cohorts except for body mass index ( BMI ) values and liver injury scores. Baseline circulating TNF ‐α levels were three‐fold higher with subsequent treatment failure vs. success ( P = 0.124). Baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC , n = 25) were cultured with HCV core and non‐structural ( NS )3 proteins. Core ( P = 0.0003) and NS 3 ( P = 0.018) induced greater TNF ‐α production within the SVR −, compared with the SVR +, cohorts. Similar findings were noted for interleukin ( IL )‐1β and IL ‐10 synthesis. Furthermore, HCV core‐induced TNF ‐α synthesis correlated with patient BMI values ( r = 0.489, P = 0.015). Core ( r = 0.432, P = 0.065) and NS 3 ( r = 0.530, P = 0.020)‐induced TNF ‐α displayed a positive relationship with serum adiponectin concentrations. In addition, lipopolysaccharide stimulated cytokine synthesis associated with BMI and adiponectin levels. Although unable to predict treatment outcomes, NS 3‐induced IL ‐6 synthesis and serum leptin concentrations corresponded to liver injury scores. Conclusion An enhanced PBMC susceptibility to core and NS 3‐induced TNF ‐α synthesis at baseline was associated with treatment failure. This phenomenon appeared to involve the interaction of virally generated TNF ‐α activity and metabolic disease. In contrast, IL ‐6 activity and leptin levels may indicate liver damage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".