Evaluation of Defense Mechanisms in Adult Patients With Panic Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patients with acute panic disorder (PD) use a more maladaptive pattern of defense mechanisms. This study investigated the use of defense mechanisms by patients with acute symptomatic PD and those in complete remission. Thirty-three patients and 33 controls were evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The defense mechanisms were evaluated by the Defense Style Questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 16 weeks of sertraline treatment. Panic disordered patients used more neurotic (4.6 vs. 3.6; p = 0.003) and immature (3.6 vs. 3.0; p = 0.024) defenses at baseline. Patients who achieved complete remission (N=25) differed from the control group in the use of neurotic defenses at the baseline (4.4 vs. 3.6; p = 0.033). After treatment, they showed a reduction in the use of neurotic (4.4 vs. 3.7; p=0.014) and immature (3.4 vs. 3.1; p = 0.019) defenses. Defense mechanisms in PD are influenced by the presence of symptoms, severity, and outcome of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".