PERPENDICULAR DIFFUSION OF COSMIC RAYS FOR A GOLDREICH-SRIDHAR SPECTRUM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perpendicular diffusion coefficients and mean free paths of cosmic particles are computed for an anisotropic Alfvénic turbulence spectrum corresponding to the Goldreich–Sridhar model by employing an enhanced nonlinear guiding center theory. The calculations are important for understanding cosmic ray propagation in the Galaxy and in the solar system. In addition, the knowledge of diffusion coefficients is also useful for modeling charged particles which experience diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants and at interplanetary shock waves. To replace the parallel diffusion coefficient in our equation for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient, we employ different models such as quasilinear results and phenomenological models. The results are compared with those derived earlier. We demonstrate that the choice of the turbulence model as well as the choice of the model for the parallel diffusion coefficient has a strong influence on the perpendicular diffusion coefficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".