Enhanced removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by mesoporous activated carbons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The capability of mesoporous activated carbons (MACs) to adsorb Cr (VI) in aqueous solution was investigated. The MACs were prepared in the lab from upgraded coal tar pitch using the nano-sized imprinting method. Adsorption of Cr (VI) was found to be dependent on the solution pH. The adsorption kinetic data was found to fit well with a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Three adsorption isotherm models were used to analyse the equilibrium data. Removal of Cr (VI) increased with an increase in mesoporosity of MACs, highlighting the importance of mesoporosity in enhancing adsorption efficiency. The major surface oxygen groups were carboxylic, lactonic and hydroxyl. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was employed to investigate the sorption mechanism. It was revealed that a portion of Cr (VI) was adsorbed via electrostatic interaction, while the rest was adsorbed in the reduced form (Cr (III)) which was most likely bound to surface oxygen groups on the MAC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".