Measured depth of subcutaneous tissue on posterolateral arm of aeroallergen immunotherapy patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SIT) injections for aeroallergens are often utilized in patients. SIT should be injected into the subcutaneous space in the mid-posterolateral upper arm. If the injections are given intramuscularly (IM), there may be an increased risk of anaphylaxis. In our allergy clinic, SIT is given with BD Safety Glide™ Allergy syringes with needle length 13 mm. There is a risk of the SIT being injected IM if patients have a skin to muscle depth (STMD) less than 13 mm. Charts were reviewed in an allergy clinic for patients on SIT where an ultrasound of the left posterolateral arm was done to measure STMD. Baseline characteristics of the two groups of patients with STMD greater than, and less than or equal to 13 mm were compared. The proportions of patients with STMD greater than 4mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with age, sex, BMI and race. Ultrasounds had been completed on 186 patients on SIT. There were 149 (80%) with STMD less than 13mm. Baseline characteristics including age, sex and BMI differed among the two groups ( p < 0.05). Based on the logistic regression analysis, BMI was significantly associated with STMD. There were 168 (90%) patients with more than 4mm STMD. With standard allergy syringes, most patients on SIT are at risk of receiving the injections IM. A needle length of 4 mm would significantly decrease the risk of SIT being given IM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".