Presence of β-glucosidase (<i>bgl1</i>) gene in <i>Phaeosphaeria nodorum</i> and <i>Phaeosphaeria avenaria</i> f.sp. <i>triticea</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. avenaria (Paa), the causal agent of stagonospora leaf blotch in oats, produces a glycosyl hydrolase family 3 enzyme, β-glucosidase, which is responsible for detoxification of steroidal avenacosides in oat leaves, but is not essential for pathogenicity. For a comparative genetic relatedness study, a Paa-like β-glucosidase gene (bgl1) was PCR-amplified from Phaeosphaeria nodorum and P. avenaria f.sp. triticea, and Phaeosphaeria spp. from dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum) (isolate S-93-48) and rye (Secale cereale) (isolate Sn48-1). Different sizes of bgl1 gene coding sequences ranging from 3018 to 3023 bp were determined. The bgl1 gene structure in these Phaeosphaeria species was identical to that of Paa and contained four exons and three introns. Nucleotide variations occurring in introns 1 and 2 of the bgl1 gene divided wheat-biotype P. nodorum into four groups. Two 12-bp-long direct sequence repeats (5'-TCA/G ACT GGT TT/CA/G) were found in the promoter region of the bgl1 gene in Phaeosphaeria species; only one repeat was present in the two P. avenaria f.sp. triticea isolates ATCC26370 and ATCC26377 (Pat2) from foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) and some homothallic P. avenaria f.sp. triticea isolates (Pat1). With sequence similarities in the noncoding internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA, the partial gpd gene fragment containing the intron 4, and the full-length bgl1 gene, five Phaeosphaeria isolates (5413, 1919WRS, 1920WRS, 1921WRS, Sa37-2) from oat (Avena sativa) were molecularly determined to be Paa. Two oat isolates (Sa38-1 and Sa39-2) from Poland appeared to be Pat1. The results suggest that classification of two Phaeosphaeria avenaria formae speciales based on host specificity should be re-evaluated.Key words: wheat, oat, Phaeosphaeria, β-glucosidase gene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".