Probing the polarity of ferroelectric thin films with x-ray standing waves
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An x-ray-diffraction method that directly senses the phase of the structure factor is demonstrated and used for determining the local polarity of thin ferroelectric films. This method is based on the excitation of an x-ray standing-wave field inside the film as a result of the interference between the strong incident x-ray wave and the weak kinematically Bragg-diffracted x-ray wave from the film. The method is used to sense the displacements of the Pb and Ti sublattices in single-crystal c-domain ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}(001)$ substrates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it