Formation of Biphasic Constructs Containing Cartilage with a Calcified Zone Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The zone of calcified cartilage is the mineralized region of articular cartilage that anchors the hyaline cartilage to the subchondral bone and serves to disperse mechanical forces across this interface. In an attempt to mimic this zonal organization, we have developed the methodology to form biphasic constructs composed of cartilaginous tissue anchored to the top surface of a bone substitute (porous calcium polyphosphate, CPP) with a calcified interface. To accomplish this, chondrocytes were selectively isolated from the deep zone of bovine articular cartilage, placed on top of the CPP substrate, and grown in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate (10 mM, beta-GP). By 8 weeks, cartilage tissue had formed with two zones: a calcified region adjacent to the CPP substrate and a hyaline-like zone above. Little or no mineralization occurred in the absence of beta-GP. The mineral that formed in vitro was identified as hydroxyapatite, similar in composition and crystal size to that found in vivo. The tissue stiffness was seven times greater, and the interfacial shear properties at the cartilage-CPP interface were at least two times greater in the presence of this mineralized zone within the in vitro-formed cartilage than in tissue lacking a mineral zone. In conclusion, developing a biphasic construct with a calcified zone at the tissue-biomaterial interface resulted in significantly better cartilage load-bearing (compressive) properties and interfacial shear strength, emphasizing the importance of the presence of a mineralized zone in bioengineered cartilage. Because failure due to shear occurred at the cartilage-CPP interface instead of the tidemark, as occurs with osteochondral tissue, further study is required to optimize this system so that it more closely mimics the native tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".