Do Indwelling Electrodes Inhibit The Ability To Produce MVC In Adult Men and Women?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fine wire tungsten electrodes have been used to record single motor unit activity during submaximal and maximal isometric contractions. However, there is no indication that maximal isometric force can be achieved with indwelling electrodes. The twitch interpolation technique enables assessment of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and central drive. PURPOSE: To assess whether MVC is comparable between conditions when indwelling electrodes are used and when they are not used during MVC with the twitch interpolation technique, and to determine whether sex-differences are evident with respect to the ability to produce MVC in these conditions. METHODS: Eight young men (21 years ± 3sd) and 8 young women (20 years ± 0.4sd), who were healthy and recreationally active participated. Five dorsi-flexion MVC were performed with the indwelling electrode and five with twitch interpolation in the non-dominant leg. All attempts were verbally encouraged, but no feedback with respect to force achieved was provided. When the highest force obtained with indwelling electrode and twitch interpolation differed by more than 5%, three additional attempts at MVC, with the aid of force feedback, were provided for the lesser of the two conditions. RESULTS: There was no difference in force between the interpolated twitch contraction (18.48 Nm ± 5.05) and the force produced when an indwelling electrode was present (17.49 Nm ± 6.6) (p = 0.6). Women produced ~35% less force than men, irrespective of the condition (p< 0.05). MVC production across the ten trials was evaluated (p=0.001). The first MVC was significantly less than the second MVC, and the seventh MVC was significantly less than the eight and ninth, yet the first did not differ from the ninth and tenth MVC. These differences indicate that one attempt at MVC is insufficient and that fatigue did not occur over the ten trials. CONCLUSIONS: Using indwelling electrodes does not hinder achievement of MVC, and there are no sex differences in the ability to produce MVC although women are weaker than men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".