The Anatomy of a City: A Forensic Investigation of the Geography of d2H and d18O Values of Tap Waters Within the Metro Vancouver Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The isotopic patterns of d18O and d2H in tap water were investigated across a single regional district of Metro Vancouver (MV). Isotopic analysis of human tissues can reveal the individual’s geographical history with the isotopic signatures reflecting those of water consumed during the time of tissue formation. MV tap water samples were collected and analyzed for its isotopic compositions through the use of Triple Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer (TLWIA). This study found that isotopic compositions of MV tap water were unique to its water source and varied across the regional district, depending on the water distribution system supplied by multiple water sources. This allows for MV tap water to be sourced solely by its isotopic signatures. This finding has significant forensic importance as it suggests the possibility of ultimately sourcing human values to specific areas within MV, which could aid in forensic investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".