<i>In situ</i> measurements of simultaneous electronic behavior of Cu and Al induced by mechanical deformation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of mechanical force acting on electrons inside a solid are of both fundamental and practical importance. This is especially emphasized by the recent applications of the Kelvin probing technique to investigate mechanical behavior of surfaces and interfaces. However, the effect of deformation on the electron work function (EWF) and its physical mechanism have not been well understood. In this study, simultaneous responses of the EWF of copper and aluminum to deformation during bending tests were measured in situ. It was demonstrated that in the elastic range, the tensile strain decreased the EWF, whereas compressive strain increased the EWF. However, in the plastic range, the EWF always decreased with strain for both tension and compression deformations. Considering changes in electrostatic energy of a one-dimensional lattice caused by dislocation density, we proposed a simple model and quantitatively established a correlation between the EWF and strain, which is consistent with the experimental observations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it