Occurrence and removal of plant sterols in pulp and paper mill effluents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill effluents (PPMEs) are believed to contain some naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phytosterols or plant sterols, which may be related to a variety of physiological and morphological abnormalities in fish inhabiting receiving waters. Analyses of effluent streams from two Canadian pulp mills confirmed the presence of five different phytosterols in PPMEs. Sterol contents of biologically treated as well as untreated effluents are presented. ββ-Sitosterol, ββ-sitostanol (or stigmastanol), and campesterol formed the major fraction of plant sterols in PPMEs, accounting for 70 % or more of the total phytosterol content measured. Sterols entering the activated sludge treatment systems were generally removed from the effluents with average removal efficiencies of 72 and 66% for the two mills surveyed. Sorption and biodegradation may be responsible for the observed removal of plant sterols across the biological wastewater treatment systems. Key words: ββ-sitosterol, stigmastanol, campesterol, removal and mass flow of phytosterols or plant sterols, hormone disruptors, pulp mill effluents, activated sludge, industrial wastewater treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".