Monolayer Behavior of NBD-Labeled Phospholipids at the Air/Water Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monolayer behavior of the dye 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-labeled analogues of phospholipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were studied by a variety of methods. Attachment of the NBD chromophore onto either the phospholipid headgroup or the aliphatic chain significantly changes the parent phospholipid monolayer properties. In contrast to that of the condensed-type DPPE monolayer, the isotherm of the DPPE-NBD derivative with NBD in the headgroup exhibits a liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed phase transition plateau while the isotherm of the acyl-chain-labeled NBD(C 12 )-PC shows liquid-expanded behavior lacking the plateau observed in the isotherm of DPPC. Surface potential and spectroscopic data revealed that the NBD group on both DPPE-NBD and NBD(C 12 )-PC embeds into the phospholipid headgroup region of the monolayer, thus suggesting a looping of the NBD-labeled chain of NBD(C 12 )-PC toward water. Polarized fluorescence and red-edge excitation shift studies revealed a regular alignment of uniformly oriented NBD chromophores in the DPPE-NBD monolayer controlled by networks of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. By contrast, the NBD group on NBD(C 12 )-PC experienced a less-structured environment permitting rotation of the NBD chromophore and fast relaxation of surrounding water dipoles. Organization of the NBD-labeled phospholipids at the air/water interface and intermolecular interactions responsible for the monolayer structuring are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".