State-dependent migratory timing of postspawned Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) often survive spawning and migrate back to the sea to feed, either shortly after spawning in autumn or the following spring. We conducted a 4-year observational field study using telemetry to evaluate the determinants of migration timing in Atlantic salmon postspawners (kelts). We found that individuals with low energy reserves migrated early to the risky but productive marine habitat, whereas individuals with greater energy reserves stayed in the safe but less productive river habitat until staying became energetically more costly than migrating. For males, the likelihood of overwintering in the river instead of migrating in autumn increased 27-fold with each increase in body condition index, whereas almost all females overwintered in the river. Among spring migrants, body condition was the strongest determinant of migration timing, and females left the river about 5 days later than males. Our study suggests that migration timing in Atlantic salmon kelts is the outcome of adaptive state-dependent habitat use, related to individual and sexual differences in energy allocation during spawning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".