A long distance measurement of radioxenon in Yellowknife, Canada, in late October 2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 21–25 October 2006, elevated levels of atmospheric xenon‐133 were observed in Yellowknife (Canada). This station is located in an area where the background level of radioxenon is very low. The few measurements of xenon‐133 above background in the last three years have been traced back to known nuclear facilities. The measurements in late October could not be linked to them. According to backward atmospheric transport models (ATM), the air that contained the measured radioxenon could have originated from the Korean Peninsula. On 9 October 2006, seismic networks world‐wide recorded an event with characteristics of an underground explosion in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. Forward ATM was performed using these coordinates. The results were consistent with the measurements in Yellowknife, more than 7000 km away. The order of magnitude of the amount measured is consistent with simple leak scenarios assumed for a low yield underground nuclear explosion on the Korean peninsula.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".