Infering Dynamic Rock Properties During Hydraulic Fracturing from Microseismicity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Being able to estimate the dynamic properties of rock failure in shale from microseismic data allows for the characterization of reservoir rock at resolutions that are unattainable from conventional 3D seismic imaging and allows for additional insight into the fracturing process that will help constrain different models for the fracture generation. Using events generated by hydraulic fracturing, we demonstrate a technique for estimating the Vp/Vs ratios throughout a hydraulic fracture from seismic moment tensors. Downhole recording microseismic events allow us to estimate the seismic moment tensor of shear-tensile events. Using a set of well-located, high quality events with similarly oriented fracture planes, we can invert for Vp/Vs, the ratio of the compressional to shear wave velocities, of the volume around the fracture. While traditionally this parameter is used as a proxy for reservoir rock properties, decreases in this ratio likely indicates a reduction in the rock strength due to fracturing. From sets of events on nearly vertical fractures, we observe decreasing Vp/Vs ratios throughout the stage. Lowering Vp/Vs is also observed in previously fractured areas. We also estimate the variations in apparent Vp/Vs as a function of the dip of the fracture plane to constrain anisotropic responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".