Effects of electrode materials and current intermittence in electro-osmosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of electrode materials and current intermittence on the coefficient of electro-osmotic permeability and the voltage loss at the soil-electrode interfaces are investigated using a marine soil. An electro-osmotic testing cell is designed and fabricated to measure the electro-osmotic induced flow under known boundary conditions. Six pairs of electrodes are tested for the voltage loss at the soil- electrode interfaces and for the coefficient of electroosmotic permeability. The losses in the applied voltage are found to be dependent on the anode material and are less in metallic anodes (steel or copper) than carbon anodes. The coefficients of electro-osmotic permeability are relatively independent of the electrode materials and are controlled by the effective electric field intensity in the soil. The application of current intermittence generates a higher electro-osmotic flow than continuous d.c. for the same applied voltage and the open electric circuit is superior to the short electric circuit configuration. The coefficient of electro-osmotic permeability is maximum using current intermittence of 2 min on/1 min off and open-circuit configuration for the soil tested. Nous étudions, en utilisant un sol marin, les effets des matériaux des électrodes et de l'intermittence de courant sur le coefficient de perméabilitéélectro-osmotique et la perte de tension aux interfaces sol-électrode. Nous avons conçu et fabriquéune cellule d'essai électro-osmotique pour mesurer le flux provoquépar électro-osmose en conditions limites connues. Nous testons six paires d'électrodes pour la perte de tension aux interfaces sol-électrodes et pour le coefficient de perméabilité électroosmotique. Nous constatons que les pertes de tension appliquée dépendent du matériau de l'anode et sont moindres avec les anodes métalliques (acier ou cuivre) qu'avec les anodes en carbone. Les coefficients de perméabilité électro-osmotique sont relativement indépendants du matériau de l'électrode et sont fonction de l'intensité du champ é lectrique effectif dans le sol. L'application d'un courant intermittent produit un flux é lectro-osmotique plus e levéque l'application d'un courant direct continu pour la même tension appliquée; et le circuit é lectrique ouvert est supérieur àla configuration de circuit é lectrique court. Le coefficient de perméabilitéé lectro-osmotique est à son maximum quand on utilise un courant intermittent activé pendant 2 minutes et désactivépendant 1 minute et une configuration à circuit ouvert pour le sol testé
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".