Accidental Displacement of Dental Implants into the Maxillary Sinus: A Report of Nine Cases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report on the clinical, radiological, and anatomical features of patients suffering accidental displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study of nine cases of dental implant displacement into the maxillary sinus was made. Data concerning patients' features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment performed were collected. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 56.7 years, and men predominated (6 : 3). Implant displacement was diagnosed in all cases by clinical and radiological examination. In seven patients, the implant was surgically removed without complications. Only three patients reported sinus symptoms following displacement. CONCLUSIONS: The displacement of implants into the maxillary sinus is usually related with a poor surgical planning or inadequate surgical technique. Because of the anatomy and physiology of the posterior area of the maxilla, it is essential to ensure good primary stability in order to avoid this complication. If the implant migrates into the maxillary sinus, it should be removed in order to avoid sinus pathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".