A New Impinging Jet Device for Corrosion Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new high-pressure, high-temperature submerged impinging jet device is described. The experimental results of its flow characteristics are summarized. The device generates well-developed steady flow in the jet tubes with laminar flow up to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 1,980 and turbulent flow above Re = 2,800. Local mass transfers were measured on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) disc normal to the jet using eight 1-mm-diameter microelectrodes located at 0 < x/r < 3.8, where x is the distance from the stagnation point on the disc and r is the jet nozzle radius. Measurements were made using the limiting current of potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe[CN]6) solution electrochemical reduction for 50 ≤ Re ≤ 4,500 at H/r = 10, where H is the height of the jet nozzle exit above the PTFE disc. Flow transition from laminar to turbulent flow at the flat disc occurred at Re ≈ 800. The dependence of the local Sherwood number (Sh) on x/r gave three flow regions: x/r < 1; 1 ≤ x/r ≤ 2; and x/r > 2. This correlation further indicated that the flow from x/r = 2 and beyond was in the wall jet region. The empirical relation between Sh and Re in the stagnation region and developing wall jet region gave two segmented linear correlations. The device is scalable and can generate a wide range of Re. The empirical wall shear stress of the impinging jet was found to be more than 90 times that calculated for the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) at comparable size and Re. This new device, therefore, is well suited for inhibitor and corrosion studies at high wall shear stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".