Size and proximity effects of primary schools on surrounding house values
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with measuring the effect of both size and proximity of primary schools on surrounding residential values, using hedonics for that purpose. The data bank consists of a subset of some 4300 single-detached, owner-occupied housing units transacted all over the Quebec Urban Community territory between January 1990 and December 1991. Several functional forms are tested and up to 42 descriptors are used. Some 116 primary schools are considered in the analysis, with size ranging from 52 to 840 students. Findings tend to confirm the non-monotonicity of both the price–distance and price–size relationships with respect to primary schools. In that respect, performing a gamma transformation on either size and distance variables provides consistent estimates of critical school size and optimal distance to nearest school. The value-minimizing size is in the 300–450 pupil range while the optimal, or value-maximizing, distance is between 300 and 500 metres from the nearest school, that is, roughly, a 9–15-minute walk from home.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".