Understanding the Oxidative Stability of Gold Monolayer-Protected Clusters in the Presence of Halide Ions under Ambient Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the oxidative stability of thiol-passivated Au monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) made via a modified Brust-Schiffrin method. A sequential oxidation of the anchored thiol groups to disulfide and sulfonate groups and the oxidation of Au atoms to Au3+ species is observed upon exposure of Au MPCs to air in the presence of halide anions. In addition, the average nanoparticle size grows via aggregation of the MPCs, leading eventually to partial oxidation of the Au MPCs and precipitation of the remaining nanoparticles from solution or to complete oxidation of the gold atoms at high halide concentrations. These results show that Au MPCs are prone to oxidation in air in the presence of halide anions, and therefore, particles made using phase transfer reagents such as tetraoctylammonium bromide must be thoroughly removed to avoid particle size growth, oxidation, and precipitation of the Au MPCs. In addition, for biological applications involving Au MPCs, care must be taken to ensure that oxidation of MPCs in air is not problematic when working in media containing halide anions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".