Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Migration of Human Trophoblast Requires RAC1 and CDC421
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The invasion of maternal decidua and uterine spiral arteries by a trophoblast subpopulation called extravillous trophoblast (EVT) is essential for the establishment of a normal placenta and an adequate blood flow toward the fetus. Derangements in these processes underlie pregnancy-related diseases like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Many growth factors, growth factor binding proteins, and extracellular matrix components can positively or negatively regulate the proliferation, migration, and/or invasiveness of these EVT cells. RHO GTPases, including RHOA, RAC1, and CDC42, are ubiquitous proteins that control cytoskeletal changes by forming stress fibers and projecting lamellipodia and filopodia during cellular migration. We had previously shown that prostaglandin (PG) E(2) produced in abundance by the decidua promotes the migration of first-trimester human EVTs by increasing the intracellular concentration of calcium and activating calpain. Using our well-characterized immortalized EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, as well as villus explants from first-trimester placentae, this study examined the role of RHO GTPases RAC1 and CDC42 in PGE(2)-mediated migratory responses of these cells. Though a RAC1 inhibitor, NSC23766 as well as RAC1 knockdown by siRNA decreased the migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells in a Transwell migration assay, this inhibition could not be restored by PGE(2) or 17-phenyl trinor PGE(2) (PGE receptor PTGER1 agonist) or PGE(1) Alcohol (PGE receptor PTGER4 agonist). Similar results were noted for EVT cell spreading in villus explants. Furthermore, CDC42 silencing using siRNA inhibited PGE(2)-induced migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Finally, the treatment of EVT cells with PGE(2), PTGER1 agonist, or PTGER4 agonist activated RAC1 and CDC42 at 10 min, suggesting that RAC1 and CDC42 play an essential role in PGE(2)-mediated migration of human EVTs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".