City Limits: Female Philanthropists and West Nurses in Seventeenth-Century Scottish Towns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which women contributed to the complex web of negotiations and accommodations out of which the early modern urban community was formed. Drawing on the archives of seventeenth-century Aberdeen and other Scottish cities, it focuses on female philanthropists and unwed wet nurses, women at the top and bottom, the centre and margins of urban society. Rich women founded hospitals for old women and schools for young girls, but these feminist initiatives did not extend to the female guestworkers in their midst: migrant female domestics made pregnant in town had to fend for themselves, and many ended up wet-nursing the children of the rich. Yet in indirect ways they, too, left their mark on urban society. These stories, then, shed fresh light on the complex and sometimes contradictory ways in which early modern women pursued their collective and individual interests under conditions of profound gender inequality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".