Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures have become a common occurrence in the oil and gas industry, especially in tight formations. Published models assume that hydraulic fractures are fully penetrating the formations. However, studies have shown that fractures are not always fully penetrating the formations. This paper introduces a new technique for analyzing the pressure behavior of a horizontal well with multiple vertical and inclined partially penetrating hydraulic fractures. The hydraulic fractures in this model could be longitudinal or transverse, vertical or inclined, symmetrical or asymmetrical. The fractures are propagated in isotropic or anisotropic formations and considered having different dimensions and different spacing. This technique, based on pressure and pressure derivative concept, can be used to calculate various reservoir parameters, including directional permeability, fracture length and percentage of penetration. The study has shown that the pressure behavior of small penetration rate is similar to the horizontal wells without hydraulic fractures. A type curve matching technique has been applied using the plots of the pressure and pressure derivative curves. A set of type curves, which will be included in the paper, have been generated for the partially penetrating hydraulic fractures associated to the horizontal wells with different penetration rates. A step-by-step procedure for analyzing pressure tests using these type curves is also included in the paper for several numerical examples.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it