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Record W203394078

CANADA AND THE CREATION OF A POLISH ARMY, 1914-1918

2016· article· en· W203394078 on OpenAlex
M. B. B. Biskupski

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPolish Historical and Cultural Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDecreeGovernment (linguistics)SovereigntyEmpireState (computer science)Political scienceSpanish Civil WarNegotiationLawWorld War IIEconomic historyPoliticsAncient historyHistory
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

By the summer of 1918, a Polish Army of approximately 100,000 had been assembled in France to fight on the Western Front. This army, rapidly gathered from the most disparate areas of the world, was under the direction of the Polish National Committee [Komitet Narodowy Polski KNP] head quartered in Paris. The existence of the army enormously strengthened the claims of the KNP on the attention of the Allies, eventually resulting in recognition of the Committee as virtually a Polish provisional government-in exile.1 Shortly after the war, the bulk of this army was shipped to Poland where it played a significant role in shaping the emergence of the reborn Polish state. Despite is relatively small size, the Polish Army formed in the West gave the Warsaw government a cadre of trained and experienced soldiers at a time when military force was the decisive factor in establishing borders and sovereignty from amidst the chaos of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the subsequent civil war, and the emergence of several national states from the borderlands nationalities of the former czarist empire.2 The goal of this article is to demonstrate the large role played by Canada in the origins and development of this Polish army. Although the army is understandably traced to the decree of the French government of June 1917, and the bulk of the recruits came from the American Polonia, it was Canada where it was largely trained and organized. Moreover, Ottawa was often the center of the negotiations preceding its establishment and the Canadians were probably the first to support the idea of an independent Polish force in the West. Hence, this essay is an effort to elucidate the important role played by Canada in this important chapter in the rebirth of Poland.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.890
Threshold uncertainty score0.161

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.241
Teacher spread0.228 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2016
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same topicPolish Historical and Cultural StudiesFrench-language works237,207