Measurement and correlation of the activity coefficients of individual ions in aqueous electrolyte solutions of Na<sub>2</sub>So<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>So<sub>4</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ion selective electrodes have been used to measure the activity coefficients at 298.2 K of individual Na + ions in aqueous solutions of Na 2 SO 4 up to 3 molal, and of individual K + ions in aqueous solutions of K 2 SO 4 up to 0.69 molal. The activity coefficients of the sulfate anion were calculated using values of the mean ionic activity coefficients of the salts. Contrary to the behavior found in 1:1 electrolyte aqueous solutions, the activity coefficients of both cations have been found to be larger than the activity coefficient of the sulfate anion. A model proposed by Khoshkbarchi and Vera was used to correlate the data and model parameters are reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".